The characterization of superconductors under magnetic field conditions is a long-standing activity of the laboratory. We have studied low-critical-temperature superconductors (LTS) as part of the development of a large-diameter (800 mm) superconducting magnet which is the outer coil of our new hybrid magnet. We are are currently studying high-critical-temperature superconductors (HTS) for the production of very high magnetic field.<\/p>\n
The recent and rapid development of HTS, in particular REBCO coated conductors (REBCO tapes), represents a potential major breakthrough for societal applications of superconductivity. Unlike LTS, which are limited to 25 T, HTS can produce much higher magnetic fields (> 30 T) at low temperatures (4 K).<\/p>\n
The LNCMI offers a unique characterization platform with several magnetic field configurations (Grenoble: 34 mm\/36 T, 50 mm\/30 T, 170 mm\/20T, 367mm\/10 T; Toulouse: 25 mm \/ 60 T pulsed). A wide range of objects can be tested: small samples for physics, centrimetric lengths of ribbon, decimetric windings, conductors made up of several tapes, magnet sub-elements (inserts), allowing thus to cover problems from tapes to magnet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/levitation.jpg” alt=”Aimant NdFeB en l\u00e9vitation au dessus d’une pastille SHT YBaCuO \u00e0 77 K dans de l’azote liquide” title_text=”levitation” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”personnel” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Research staff<\/h3>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]
![\"CHAUD](\"https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Xavier_CHAUD.jpg\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>CHAUD Xavier<\/a><\/span><\/h3>HTc superconductors<\/a><\/div>- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
![\"HIMANSHU](\"https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Himanshu_HIMANSHU.jpg\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>HIMANSHU Himanshu<\/a><\/span><\/h3>Researcher<\/a><\/div>- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
![\"LEROUX](\"https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Maxime_Leroux-e1744703017513.jpg\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>LEROUX Maxime<\/a><\/span><\/h3>Researcher<\/a><\/div>- <\/i>Toulouse<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
![\"PUGNAT](\"https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/pierre_pugnat.png\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>PUGNAT Pierre<\/a><\/span><\/h3>Hybrid magnet<\/a><\/div>- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
![\"SONG](\"https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/SONG-Jungbin-400x479-1.jpg\")
<\/a><\/figure><\/div>SONG Jung-Bin<\/a><\/span><\/h3>HTc superconductors<\/a><\/div>- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” admin_label=”Actus” module_id=”actualites” _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_slider posts_number=”5″ include_categories=”3476,3569″ excerpt_length=”100″ show_meta=”off” use_text_overlay=”off” _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”|700|on||||||” header_text_align=”left” body_font=”–et_global_body_font||||||||” body_text_align=”left” body_line_height=”1.4em” background_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_button=”on” button_border_radius=”100px” button_font=”Verdana||||||||” button_alignment=”left” width=”70%” module_alignment=”center” content_width=”100%” height=”300px” height_tablet=”300px” height_phone=”350px” height_last_edited=”on|phone” max_height=”300px” max_height_tablet=”300px” max_height_phone=”350px” max_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_margin=”25px|25px|25px|25px|true|true” custom_padding=”60px||74px||false|false” auto=”on” auto_speed=”10000″ hover_transition_duration=”500ms” hover_transition_speed_curve=”ease-in” body_font_size_tablet=”” body_font_size_phone=”15px” body_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” button_text_size_tablet=”17px” button_text_size_phone=”14px” button_text_size_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_css_free_form=”.et_pb_more_button:hover{|| -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(5px);|| backdrop-filter: blur(5px);|| border: solid 2px rgba(255,255,255,0.2) !IMPORTANT;|| transition: backdrop-filter ease-in-out 0.2s;||}” header_text_shadow_style=”preset1″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=”1em” border_radii=”on|25px|25px|25px|25px” border_color_all=”#FFFFFF” button_text_shadow_style=”preset1″ button_text_shadow_blur_strength=”1em” box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_blur=”23px” box_shadow_spread=”-30px” box_shadow_style_button=”preset1″ global_colors_info=”{}” box_shadow_blur__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” box_shadow_vertical__hover_enabled=”on|hover” box_shadow_vertical__hover=”10px” box_shadow_blur__hover=”25px” box_shadow_spread__hover=”-10px” box_shadow_spread__hover_enabled=”on|hover”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_slider][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/category\/supraconductivite-appliquee” button_text=”See all articles” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”16px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Th\u00e8mes de recherche” module_id=”themes” _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.02)” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”88.2px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Research topics<\/h3>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”-20px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”10px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px|||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n
Research & development of a new type of Nb-Ti\/Cu superconducting conductor, as an alternative to CICC (Cable In Conduit Conductor) for the LNCMI hybrid electromagnet.<\/h4>\n
Contact\u00a0: <\/span>pierre.pugnat\u00a0[a]\u00a0<\/span>lncmi.cnrs.fr<\/strong><\/p>\nOne of the special features of hybrid electromagnets is the electro-thermo-magnetic-mechanical coupling between the resistive and superconducting windings, which must be kept under control even in the event of major malfunctions such as rapid, untimely power supply cuts. In this case, the magnetic field variation produced by the resistive coils is of the order of 40 T\/s. An eddy-current screen cooled to 50 K was specially developed for the Grenoble hybrid coil, enabling this magnetic field variation to be attenuated to around 3 T\/s at the level of the superconducting conductor, which is not enough to prevent quenching [1]. The initial idea for solving this problem was to introduce an enthalpy reservoir supplied by superfluid He at a pressure of 1200 mbar, stored in the channel of a copper stabilizer onto which a multi-strand, multi-filament Rutherford-type Nb-Ti\/Cu cable is welded (see photo), so as to limit heating below the limit temperature of the superconducting conductor. In an initial study, only the heat generated by induced currents in the Cu-Ag duct was considered, while the heat generated by induced inter-strand and inter-filament currents in the superconducting cable was neglected. Taking them into account in order to minimize them has led to a radical change in the way this superconducting conductor is manufactured, christened RCOCC (Rutherford Cable On Conduit Conductor) as an alternative to the more expensive CICC (Cable In Conduit Conductor) generally used for this type of application.<\/p>\n
The production of this innovative superconducting conductor had to be entirely internalised at LNCMI-Grenoble, after a major R&D phase to develop the assembly line, subcontracting parts of the equipment to Ravni Technologies. The innovative concept for this production line is the strict control of the quantity of filler metal for the soft solder, the choice of compound for the latter, and the induction heating method including its optimization.<\/p>\n
[1] As a reminder, one of the definitions of the term “quench” that can be given in this context is that of an irreversible transition from the superconducting state to the normal state via thermal runaway. All too often, the quench is confused with the resistive transition to the normal state, which is a transition to local thermodynamic equilibrium, i.e. in the hydrodynamic regime that allows transport coefficients to be defined. This confusion leads to another, that between critical current and quench current, which must be avoided when characterizing superconducting conductors.<\/p>\n
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[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-25px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cond_Supra.png” title_text=”Cond_Supra” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”37.9%” custom_margin=”-43px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Fig. 1 : <\/em><\/strong>a) RCOCC Nb-Ti\/Cu superconductor specially developed for the Grenoble hybrid magnet project and assembled in-house at LNCMI. It should be noted that all other hybrid magnet projects use a different type of conductor, called Cable In Conduit Conductor (CICC), which is more expensive and comes from the technology developed for fusion. Rutherford superconducting cables, on the other hand, are based on technology developed for particle accelerators. To minimize losses due to inter-strand currents, a stainless steel core was inserted in the middle of the 19-strand Rutherford cable during the wiring operation subcontracted to the manufacturer Furukawa. <\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Brin_Nb_Ti_Cu.png” title_text=”Brin_Nb_Ti_Cu” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||64px|||” custom_padding=”76px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”311.6px” custom_margin=”-2px|||||” custom_padding=”0px||84px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div>
HIMANSHU Himanshu<\/a><\/span><\/h3>
Researcher<\/a><\/div>- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div>
LEROUX Maxime<\/a><\/span><\/h3>
Researcher<\/a><\/div>- <\/i>Toulouse<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div>
PUGNAT Pierre<\/a><\/span><\/h3>
Hybrid magnet<\/a><\/div>- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div>
SONG Jung-Bin<\/a><\/span><\/h3>
HTc superconductors<\/a><\/div>- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” admin_label=”Actus” module_id=”actualites” _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_slider posts_number=”5″ include_categories=”3476,3569″ excerpt_length=”100″ show_meta=”off” use_text_overlay=”off” _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”|700|on||||||” header_text_align=”left” body_font=”–et_global_body_font||||||||” body_text_align=”left” body_line_height=”1.4em” background_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_button=”on” button_border_radius=”100px” button_font=”Verdana||||||||” button_alignment=”left” width=”70%” module_alignment=”center” content_width=”100%” height=”300px” height_tablet=”300px” height_phone=”350px” height_last_edited=”on|phone” max_height=”300px” max_height_tablet=”300px” max_height_phone=”350px” max_height_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_margin=”25px|25px|25px|25px|true|true” custom_padding=”60px||74px||false|false” auto=”on” auto_speed=”10000″ hover_transition_duration=”500ms” hover_transition_speed_curve=”ease-in” body_font_size_tablet=”” body_font_size_phone=”15px” body_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” button_text_size_tablet=”17px” button_text_size_phone=”14px” button_text_size_last_edited=”on|tablet” custom_css_free_form=”.et_pb_more_button:hover{|| -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(5px);|| backdrop-filter: blur(5px);|| border: solid 2px rgba(255,255,255,0.2) !IMPORTANT;|| transition: backdrop-filter ease-in-out 0.2s;||}” header_text_shadow_style=”preset1″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=”1em” border_radii=”on|25px|25px|25px|25px” border_color_all=”#FFFFFF” button_text_shadow_style=”preset1″ button_text_shadow_blur_strength=”1em” box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_blur=”23px” box_shadow_spread=”-30px” box_shadow_style_button=”preset1″ global_colors_info=”{}” box_shadow_blur__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” box_shadow_vertical__hover_enabled=”on|hover” box_shadow_vertical__hover=”10px” box_shadow_blur__hover=”25px” box_shadow_spread__hover=”-10px” box_shadow_spread__hover_enabled=”on|hover”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_slider][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/category\/supraconductivite-appliquee” button_text=”See all articles” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”16px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Th\u00e8mes de recherche” module_id=”themes” _builder_version=”4.26.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.02)” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”88.2px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Research topics<\/h3>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”-20px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”10px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.25.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px|||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n
Research & development of a new type of Nb-Ti\/Cu superconducting conductor, as an alternative to CICC (Cable In Conduit Conductor) for the LNCMI hybrid electromagnet.<\/h4>\n
Contact\u00a0: <\/span>pierre.pugnat\u00a0[a]\u00a0<\/span>lncmi.cnrs.fr<\/strong><\/p>\n
One of the special features of hybrid electromagnets is the electro-thermo-magnetic-mechanical coupling between the resistive and superconducting windings, which must be kept under control even in the event of major malfunctions such as rapid, untimely power supply cuts. In this case, the magnetic field variation produced by the resistive coils is of the order of 40 T\/s. An eddy-current screen cooled to 50 K was specially developed for the Grenoble hybrid coil, enabling this magnetic field variation to be attenuated to around 3 T\/s at the level of the superconducting conductor, which is not enough to prevent quenching [1]. The initial idea for solving this problem was to introduce an enthalpy reservoir supplied by superfluid He at a pressure of 1200 mbar, stored in the channel of a copper stabilizer onto which a multi-strand, multi-filament Rutherford-type Nb-Ti\/Cu cable is welded (see photo), so as to limit heating below the limit temperature of the superconducting conductor. In an initial study, only the heat generated by induced currents in the Cu-Ag duct was considered, while the heat generated by induced inter-strand and inter-filament currents in the superconducting cable was neglected. Taking them into account in order to minimize them has led to a radical change in the way this superconducting conductor is manufactured, christened RCOCC (Rutherford Cable On Conduit Conductor) as an alternative to the more expensive CICC (Cable In Conduit Conductor) generally used for this type of application.<\/p>\n
The production of this innovative superconducting conductor had to be entirely internalised at LNCMI-Grenoble, after a major R&D phase to develop the assembly line, subcontracting parts of the equipment to Ravni Technologies. The innovative concept for this production line is the strict control of the quantity of filler metal for the soft solder, the choice of compound for the latter, and the induction heating method including its optimization.<\/p>\n
[1] As a reminder, one of the definitions of the term “quench” that can be given in this context is that of an irreversible transition from the superconducting state to the normal state via thermal runaway. All too often, the quench is confused with the resistive transition to the normal state, which is a transition to local thermodynamic equilibrium, i.e. in the hydrodynamic regime that allows transport coefficients to be defined. This confusion leads to another, that between critical current and quench current, which must be avoided when characterizing superconducting conductors.<\/p>\n
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[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-25px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Cond_Supra.png” title_text=”Cond_Supra” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”37.9%” custom_margin=”-43px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Fig. 1 : <\/em><\/strong>a) RCOCC Nb-Ti\/Cu superconductor specially developed for the Grenoble hybrid magnet project and assembled in-house at LNCMI. It should be noted that all other hybrid magnet projects use a different type of conductor, called Cable In Conduit Conductor (CICC), which is more expensive and comes from the technology developed for fusion. Rutherford superconducting cables, on the other hand, are based on technology developed for particle accelerators. To minimize losses due to inter-strand currents, a stainless steel core was inserted in the middle of the 19-strand Rutherford cable during the wiring operation subcontracted to the manufacturer Furukawa. <\/em><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Brin_Nb_Ti_Cu.png” title_text=”Brin_Nb_Ti_Cu” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||64px|||” custom_padding=”76px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”311.6px” custom_margin=”-2px|||||” custom_padding=”0px||84px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
- <\/i>Toulouse<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
- <\/i>Grenoble<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ligne_production-1.jpg\")
<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/debut_ligne.jpg\")
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r, power supply, acquisition for Jc critical current measurement or coil test – field, stability, transition) for different field configurations:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lncmi.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/porte-ech_30mm-1024x576.jpg\")
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